nuansa belajar: Penerapan Kimia dalam Kehidupan

<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifhPB0B-1Jx9DOBdN3YOhrSyJN0MmT6KaeaonWywTkgCeTedFebCH6BbB7uP8QCwQbmZQiKCTdbhCI2YxoK6rAAupI1rGVyk0p32-Cw2wdByLfnkvn_sQdyUKuvP0y1IbRI2XVTa1Yj0c/s1600/Reaksi+Kimia.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="307" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifhPB0B-1Jx9DOBdN3YOhrSyJN0MmT6KaeaonWywTkgCeTedFebCH6BbB7uP8QCwQbmZQiKCTdbhCI2YxoK6rAAupI1rGVyk0p32-Cw2wdByLfnkvn_sQdyUKuvP0y1IbRI2XVTa1Yj0c/s400/Reaksi+Kimia.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Percobaan Reaksi Kimia</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">A. Persamaan reaksi:</span></b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;"> gambaran reaksi kimia yang terdiri atas rumus kimia pereaksi dan hasil reaksi disertai koefisien masing–masing.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">Misal: reaksi gas hidrogen dan gas oksigen membentuk air<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="background: yellow; color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">2H<sub>2</sub> (</span><span style="background: yellow; color: red; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">g</span><span style="background: yellow; color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">) + O<sub>2 </sub>(</span><span style="background: yellow; color: red; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">g</span><span style="background: yellow; color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">) </span><span style="background: yellow; color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: SymbolMT; mso-fareast-font-family: SymbolMT; mso-highlight: yellow;">→ </span><span style="background: yellow; color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">2H<sub>2</sub>O (</span><span style="background: yellow; color: red; font-family: "Brush Script MT"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">l</span><span style="background: yellow; color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">)</span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">Lambang-lambang yang digunakan:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: SymbolMT; mso-fareast-font-family: SymbolMT;">→</span></b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: SymbolMT; mso-fareast-font-family: SymbolMT;">     </span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">menghasilkan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">+</span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">        ditambah<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">(</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">s</span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">)     solid (padatan)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">(</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">g</span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">)     gas<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">(</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Brush Script MT"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">l</span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">)      liquid (cairan)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">(</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">aq</span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">) aquous (terlarut dalam air)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">B. Koefisien Reaksi:</span></b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;"> adalah bilangan yang mendahului rumus kimia zat dalam persamaan reaksi <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">          </span><span style="background: yellow; color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">2H<sub>2</sub> (g) +  O<sub>2 </sub>(g) </span><span style="background: yellow; color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: SymbolMT; mso-fareast-font-family: SymbolMT; mso-highlight: yellow;">→ </span><span style="background: yellow; color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">2H<sub>2</sub>O (</span><span style="background: yellow; color: #0070c0; font-family: "Brush Script MT"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">l</span><span style="background: yellow; color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">)</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="background: yellow; color: red; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">2</span><span style="background: yellow; color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">H<sub>2</sub>(g) + </span><span style="background: yellow; color: red; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">1</span><span style="background: yellow; color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">O<sub>2 </sub>(g)</span><span style="background: yellow; color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: SymbolMT; mso-fareast-font-family: SymbolMT; mso-highlight: yellow;">→  </span><span style="background: yellow; color: red; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">2</span><span style="background: yellow; color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">H<sub>2</sub>O (</span><span style="background: yellow; color: #0070c0; font-family: "Brush Script MT"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">l</span><span style="background: yellow; color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">)</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">koefisien hidrogen adalah 2, koefisien oksigen adalah 1, dan koefisien air adalah 2.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">C. Penulisan persamaan reaksi</span></b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">: dapat dilakukan dalam dua langkah sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">a. Menuliskan rumus kimia zat pereaksi dan produk, lengkap dengan keterangan tentang wujudnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">b. Penyetaraan, yaitu memberikan koefisien yang sesuai dengan jumlah atom setiap unsur sama pada kedua rumus.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">D. Penyetaraan persaman reaksi dapat dilakukan dengan langkah sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">a. Tetapkan koefisien salah satu zat, biasanya yang memiliki rumus paling kompleks sama dengan satu, sedangkan zat lain diberikan koefisien sementara berupa huruf.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">b. Terlebih dahulu setarakan unsur yang terkait langsung dengan zat yang diberi koefisien satu.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">c. Setarakan unsur yang lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "PalmSprings\,BoldItalic"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Contoh<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">Reaksi gas metana (CH<sub>4</sub>) dengan gas oksigen (O<sub>2</sub>) membentuk gas karbon dioksida </span><span style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">(CO<sub>2</sub>) <span style="color: #231f20;">dan uap air (H<sub>2</sub>O)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">Langkah 1:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">Menuliskan rumus kimia pereaksi dan hasil reaksi:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="background: yellow; color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">CH<sub>4 </sub>(g) + O<sub>2 </sub>(g) </span><span style="background: yellow; color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: SymbolMT; mso-fareast-font-family: SymbolMT; mso-highlight: yellow;">→ </span><span style="background: yellow; color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">CO<sub>2 </sub>(g) + H<sub>2</sub>O (g)</span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">Langkah 2 (Penyetaraan):<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">1. Tetapkan koefisien CH4 = 1, sedangkan yang lain dengan huruf.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">        <span style="background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;">CH<sub>4 </sub>(g) + </span></span><span style="background: yellow; color: red; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">a</span><span style="background: yellow; color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">O<sub>2 </sub>(g) </span><span style="background: yellow; color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: SymbolMT; mso-fareast-font-family: SymbolMT; mso-highlight: yellow;">→ </span><span style="background: yellow; color: red; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">b</span><span style="background: yellow; color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">CO<sub>2 </sub>(g) + </span><span style="background: yellow; color: red; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">c</span><span style="background: yellow; color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">H<sub>2</sub>O (g)</span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">2. Setarakan atom C dan H. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">a) Perhatikan jumlah atom C di sebelah kiri = 1 ; berarti jumlah atom C di sebelah kanan  (b) = 1. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">b) Perhatikan jumlah atom H di sebelah kiri = 4 ; berarti jumlah atom H di sebelah kanan = 2c, berarti 2c = 4, atau c = 2<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">3. Setarakan jumlah atom O, jumlah atom O di ruas kiri = 2a. Di ruas kanan = 2 + 2 = 4, berarti 2a = 4 atau a = 2.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">Dengan demikian diperoleh persamaan reaksi sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">      <span style="background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;">CH<sub>4 </sub>(g) + 2O<sub>2 </sub>(g) </span></span><span style="background: yellow; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: SymbolMT; mso-fareast-font-family: SymbolMT; mso-highlight: yellow;">→ </span><span style="background: yellow; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">CO<sub>2 </sub>(g) + 2H<sub>2</sub>O (g)</span><span style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "PalatinoLinotype\,Bold";">E. Macam-macam Reaksi Kimia<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: #00b1f1; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AbadiMTCondensedExtraBold;">1. Reaksi Penggabungan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">Yaitu dua atau lebih zat tergabung membentuk zat lain. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">Rumus: <span style="background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;">A + B </span></span><span style="background: yellow; color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: SymbolMT; mso-fareast-font-family: SymbolMT; mso-highlight: yellow;">→ </span><span style="background: yellow; color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">AB</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "PalmSprings\,BoldItalic";">Contoh<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">Reaksi hidrogen dengan oksigen membentuk air<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="background: yellow; color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">2H<sub>2 </sub>(</span><span style="background: yellow; color: #00b0f0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">g</span><span style="background: yellow; color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">) + O<sub>2 </sub>(</span><span style="background: yellow; color: #00b0f0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">g</span><span style="background: yellow; color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">) </span><span style="background: yellow; color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: SymbolMT; mso-fareast-font-family: SymbolMT; mso-highlight: yellow;">→ </span><span style="background: yellow; color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">2H<sub>2</sub>O (</span><span style="background: yellow; color: #0070c0; font-family: "Brush Script MT"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">l</span><span style="background: yellow; color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">)</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: #00b1f1; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AbadiMTCondensedExtraBold;">2. Reaksi Penguraian<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">Yaitu reaksi satu zat terurai menjadi dua atau lebih zat. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">Reaksi ini membutuhkan energi berupa kalor, cahaya, dan listrik. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">Rumus: <span style="background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;">AB </span></span><span style="background: yellow; color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: SymbolMT; mso-fareast-font-family: SymbolMT; mso-highlight: yellow;">→ </span><span style="background: yellow; color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">A + B</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "PalmSprings\,BoldItalic"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Contoh<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">Penguraian air oleh listrik menghasilkan hidrogen dan oksigen<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">listrik<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="background: yellow; color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">2H<sub>2</sub>O (aq ) </span><span style="background: yellow; color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: SymbolMT; mso-fareast-font-family: SymbolMT; mso-highlight: yellow;">→ </span><span style="background: yellow; color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">2H<sub>2 </sub>(g) + O<sub>2 </sub>(g)</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: #00b1f1; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AbadiMTCondensedExtraBold;">3. Reaksi Penggantian<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">Reaksi penggantian tunggal terjadi bila satu unsur menggantikan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">unsur lain dalam satu senyawa. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">Untuk menyelesaikan persamaan reaksi penggantian terdapat dua persamaan, yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">a. Bila A menggantikan B sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="background: yellow; color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">A</span><span style="background-color: yellow; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Arial Narrow', sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;"> + BC </span><span style="background-color: yellow; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Arial Narrow', sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;">→ </span><span style="background-color: yellow; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Arial Narrow', sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;">B + </span><span style="background: yellow; color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">A</span><span style="background-color: yellow; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Arial Narrow', sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;">C</span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">b. Bila D menggantikan C sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="background: yellow; color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">D</span><span style="background-color: yellow; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Arial Narrow', sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;"> + BC </span><span style="background-color: yellow; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Arial Narrow', sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;">→ </span><span style="background-color: yellow; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Arial Narrow', sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;">C + B</span><span style="background: yellow; color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">D</span><span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow', sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "PalmSprings\,BoldItalic"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Contoh<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">Sebuah kawat tembaga dimasukkan ke dalam larutan perak nitrat.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">Tembaga lebih aktif daripada perak, maka tembaga menggantikan perak membentuk larutan tembaga (II) nitrat berwarna biru. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">Reaksi antara tembaga dengan perak nitrat, sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="background: yellow; color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">Cu (s) + 2AgNO<sub>3 </sub>(aq) </span><span style="background: yellow; color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: SymbolMT; mso-fareast-font-family: SymbolMT; mso-highlight: yellow;">→ </span><span style="background: yellow; color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings; mso-highlight: yellow;">2Ag (s) + Cu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2 </sub>(aq)</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">F. Reaksi kimia yang terjadi mengakibatkan beberapa perubahan</span></b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">, antara lain:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">a. Terbentuk Endapan: </span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">Air direbus kemudian didinginkan, maka ada kapur yang menempel pada panci <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">b. Menghasilkan Gas: </span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">Karbit yang dicampur dengan air akan bereaksi menghasilkan gas karbit.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">c. Perubahan Suhu: </span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">kayu dibakar menghasilkan panas<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">G. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi kecepatan reaksi</span></b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">, antara lain:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">a. Ukuran Partikel: </span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">semakin kecil ukuran partikel, semakin cepat reaksi yang terjadi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">b. Suhu: </span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">Semakin tinggi suhu reaksi, semakin cepat reaksi berlangsung<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: PalmSprings;">Referensi:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: AbadiMT-Condensed;">Ilmu pengetahuan alam 1 : untuk SMP/MTs/ kelas VII Teguh Sugiyarto, Eny Ismawati — Jakarta : Pusat Perbukuan, Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, 2008.<o:p></o:p></span></div><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: AbadiMT-Condensed; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Gambar: </span><span style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-KLGJ7ub3NHE/UNnbtBPzexI/AAAAAAAAAxE/bO-Ip3lq0Zg/s1600/116365_Full.jpg">http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-KLGJ7ub3NHE/UNnbtBPzexI/AAAAAAAAAxE/bO-Ip3lq0Zg/s1600/116365_Full.jpg</a></span>

Penerapan Kimia dalam Kehidupan Reaksi Kimia

Percobaan Reaksi Kimia A. Persamaan reaksi: gambaran reaksi kimia yang terdiri atas rumus kimia pereaksi dan hasil reaksi disertai koefisie...